Notes: Upperparts dark brown, underparts heavily streaked and mottled.
Black bill stout w. hook, eye brown w. lighter eyering. Male > 3 yrs: black interior
of mouth; female & immature: mouth pale, yellow w. pinkish to orange tinge.
Juvenile: yellow gape, grey bill, grey mottling on buff throat. Loud cheerful chirp,
varied, rasping, mimicry, peaking Oct–Dec. 500–1400m amsl.